Moreover, at another level of understanding, ancient people interpreted the entry into a cavern and the passage through the inner space-time ofthe world as a voyage to the generative interior of an enormous female, representing the Great Mother of the World. Thus, it is obvious why caverns fascinated people from Palaeolithic epochs to Jules Verne's "Voyage au centre de la terre (1864)": Going into the underground galleries, and following the mighty celestial bodies on their course through the subterranean area, offered a unique possibility to explore the inner structure of the cosmos. Caverns made accessible this "subterranean" space-time, wh ich ancient people regarded as a special lounge of the celestial bodies, and other beings. "And those who are wise shall shine like the brightness of the sky above and those who turn many to righteousness, like the stars forever and ever.The existence of caves gave people an excellent reason where to locate the celestial bodies at the time of their invisibility: They moved through secret realms under the ordinary world, somehow at the "backside" or the interior of the customary perceptible landscape. "Praise him, you highest heavens, and you waters above the heavens!" Psalm 148:4 ESV "He set the earth on its foundations, so that it should never be moved." Psalm 104:5 ESV And there was evening and there was morning, the second day." Genesis 1:6-8 ESV "And God said, “Let there be an expanse in the midst of the waters, and let it separate the waters from the waters.” And God made the expanse and separated the waters that were under the expanse from the waters that were above the expanse. "Can you, like him, spread out the skies, hard as a cast metal mirror?" Job 37:18 ESV And let them be for signs and for seasons, and for days and years," Genesis 1:14 ESV "And God said, “Let there be lights in the expanse of the heavens to separate the day from the night. The heavens declare the glory of God, and the sky above proclaims his handiwork." Psalm 19:1 ESV It was the support also of the heavenly bodies ( Genesis 1:14) and is spoken of as having "windows" and "doors" ( Genesis 7:11 Isaiah 24:18 Malachi 3:10) through which the rain and snow might descend. The raki'a supported the upper reservoir ( Psalms 148:4). It formed a division between the waters above and the waters below ( Genesis 1:7). It is plain that it was used to denote solidity as well as expansion. The language of Scripture is not scientific but popular, and hence we read of the sun rising and setting, and also here the use of this particular word. They who rendered raki'a by firmamentum regarded it as a solid body. This word means simply "expansion." It denotes the space or expanse like an arch appearing immediately above us. Merriam-Webster simply defines the firmament as “the vault or arch of the sky heavens.”Īccording to Easton’s Bible Dictionary, from the Vulgate firmamentum, which is used as the translation of the Hebrew raki'a, or raqia. The definition of the firmament can be essentially summarized as the arch or vault over the earth and sky that separates the earthly realm from what is beyond. And the evening and the morning were the second day ( Genesis 1:6-8). And God said, "Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters." And God made the firmament, and divided the waters which were under the firmament from the waters which were above the firmament: and it was so.
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